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  Discussion on Research Summary: Anti-Mullerian hormone test for Granulosa Cell Tumors
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DrO

Posted on Friday, Aug 5, 2011 - 7:11 am:

As seen in the article and many member's posting currently GCT can still remain a diagnostic challenge in some mares. The numbers in this report suggest that testing for AMH is very sensitive and specific for GCT. I would contact the University of Calif if I were looking for a test in an iffy case.
DrO

Theriogenology. 2011 Jul 26.

Biological and clinical significance of anti-Mullerian hormone determination in blood serum of the mare.

Almeida J, Ball BA, Conley AJ, Place NJ, Liu IK, Scholtz EL, Mathewson L, Stanley SD, Moeller BC.
Source

Department of Population Health and Reproduction, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Abstract

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily of growth and differentiation factors, is expressed in granulosa cells of preantral and small antral ovarian follicles. In humans, AMH appeared to regulate recruitment and growth of small ovarian follicles. Furthermore, circulating AMH concentrations were elevated in women with granulosa-cell tumors (GCT). In the horse, GCTs are the most common tumor of the ovary, and a variety of endocrine assays have been used to diagnose presumptive GCTs. The objectives of the present study were to validate a heterologous enzyme immunoassay for determination of serum AMH in the horse, and to determine concentrations of AMH in the blood of mares during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and in mares with granulosa-cell tumors. Mares with normal estrous cycles (n = 6) and pregnant mares (n = 6) had blood samples collected throughout one interovulatory period and monthly throughout gestation, respectively. Mares diagnosed with GCT had blood samples taken before (n = 11) and after ovariectomy (n = 5). Tumors were sectioned and fixed for immunohistochemistry and snap frozen for immunoblot analyses and RT-qPCR. In normal cyclic mares and in pregnant mares, there was no effect of cycle stage or month of gestation on serum AMH concentrations. In GCT mares, serum concentrations of AMH (1901.4 ± 1144.6 ng/mL) were higher than those in cyclic (0.96 ± 0.08 ng/mL) or pregnant (0.72 ± 0.05 ng/mL) mares and decreased after tumor removal. Both AMH and AMH receptor (AMHR2) immunolabeling and expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in the tumor and cyst fluid obtained from mares with GCTs. Therefore, we concluded that AMH was a useful biomarker for detection of granulosa-cell tumors in mares.
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