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Discussion on Research Summary: pivampicillin a candidate for oral penicillin
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Moderator:
DrO
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Posted on Monday, Dec 20, 2010 - 3:23 pm:
As important as strep and anerobic infections are in horses we still depend heavily on penicillin for treating infections. Unfortunately oral formulations have not worked well in horses chiefly do to poor absorption. Here is some early work on a possible candidate. I have not seen any information on cost and availability however.
DrO
[pWe have look
Res Vet Sci. 2010 Dec 6.
Pharmacokinetics in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and plasma of ampicillin and pivampicillin administered to horses.
Winther L, Baptiste KE, Friis C.
Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaards Allé 5, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
Abstract
Ampicillin concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and plasma was studied after single intravenous ampicillin administration (15mg/kg) or single intragastric administration of its prodrug, pivampicillin (19.9mg/kg) to horses and discussed in relation to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of common equine respiratory pathogens. After intravenous administration, elimination of ampicillin was fast and not detectable in plasma after 12h in three out of six horses. Pivampicillin was absorbed well in non-fasted horses with an oral bioavailability of 36%. The degree of penetration of ampicillin into PELF, as described by the AUC(PELF)/AUC(plasma) ratio from 0 to 12h was 0.40 after intravenous administration and 1.00 after pivampicillin administration. In horses, ampicillin administered either intravenously or orally, in the form of pivampicillin, can provide clinically relevant drug concentrations in PELF for at least 12h, when treating susceptible equine respiratory pathogens (e.g. streptococci). Treatment of other bacterial pathogens requires susceptibility testing and possibly more frequent dosing, depending of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values.
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